Report for: Enhancement stimulants: perceived motivational and cognitive advantages

Title	Enhancement stimulants: perceived motivational and cognitive advantages
Published in	Frontiers in Neuroscience, October 2013
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2013.00198
Pubmed ID	24198755
Authors	Irena P. Ilieva, Martha J. Farah, Ilieva, Irena P., Farah, Martha J.
Abstract	Psychostimulants like Adderall and Ritalin are widely used for cognitive enhancement by people without ADHD, although the empirical literature has shown little conclusive evidence for effectiveness in this population. This paper explores one potential explanation of this discrepancy: the possibility that the benefit from enhancement stimulants is at least in part motivational, rather than purely cognitive. We review relevant laboratory, survey, and interview research and present the results of a new survey of enhancement users with the goal of comparing perceived cognitive and motivational effects. These users perceived stimulant effects on motivationally-related factors, especially "energy" and "motivation," and reported motivational effects to be at least as pronounced as cognitive effects, including the effects on "attention."

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Twitter Demographics

The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 10 tweeters who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.

Geographical breakdown

Country	Count	As %
United States	3	30%
Switzerland	1	10%
Canada	1	10%
Unknown	5	50%

Demographic breakdown

Type	Count	As %
Members of the public	7	70%
Scientists	1	10%
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors)	1	10%
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals)	1	10%

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 113 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country	Count	As %
Netherlands	2	2%
Germany	1	<1%
Switzerland	1	<1%
Unknown	109	96%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status	Count	As %
Student > Bachelor	38	34%
Student > Master	22	19%
Student > Ph. D. Student	12	11%
Professor	10	9%
Researcher	6	5%
Other	14	12%
Unknown	11	10%

Readers by discipline	Count	As %
Psychology	29	26%
Medicine and Dentistry	18	16%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences	11	10%
Social Sciences	7	6%
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science	7	6%
Other	23	20%
Unknown	18	16%

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 369. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 January 2020.

All research outputs

#53,887

of 19,572,659 outputs

Outputs from Frontiers in Neuroscience

#16

of 8,049 outputs

Outputs of similar age

#460

of 206,085 outputs

Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Neuroscience

of 42 outputs

Altmetric has tracked 19,572,659 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.

So far Altmetric has tracked 8,049 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.9. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.

Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 206,085 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.

We're also able to compare this research output to 42 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.

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Enhancement stimulants: perceived motivational and cognitive advantages

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